The AI arms race will be won on mathematical proof

This commentary is published in coordination with the 2025 Global Security Forum, of which Defense One is a media partner.The AI-powered weapons and systems that the Pentagon is racing to build will come with a significant vulnerability: our inability to determine how they will behave under real battlefield conditions.The Defense Department, National Security Agency, and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency call this the “software understanding gap.” Increasingly, users do not u