Systematic engineering of Micromonospora echinospora cell factory for gentamicin C1a overproduction

Xu et al. establish an integrated strain–process engineering framework for efficient gentamicin C1a biomanufacturing. By combining genome-scale metabolic modeling, multi-gene regulatory optimization, metabolomics-guided flux analysis, and Bayesian-driven fed-batch control with in situ adsorption, the study reveals redox and energy metabolism as key constraints and enhances yield and productivity.