Webb telescope scientists forced to reckon with enormous galaxy outliers

Modern astronomers have speculated that, in the beginning, all galaxies formed in large halos of dark matter, a mysterious-yet-abundant substance that doesn't shine or interact with light.These halos would have captured gas into gravitationally bound structures, turning about 20 percent of that gas into galaxy-residing stars. But new research from the James Webb Space Telescope, a collaboration of NASA and its European and Canadian counterparts, is forcing scientists to rethink how galaxies