Supercooled cavities for particle acceleration

When you think about the coldest places on Earth, the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility located at the DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory, probably doesn't come to mind. But accelerating electrons around the half-mile-long ring of NSLS-II at nearly the speed of light requires some extremely cold temperatures, hundreds of degrees below the freezing point of water.