Did Sturtevant Invent the Meme?

Sturtevant: Dark Threat of Absence, 2002, two-channel video, 14 minutes and 37 seconds; at Freedman Fitzpatrick.
Sturtevant didn’t copy, appropriate, or forge; Sturtevant repeated. The artist, who died in 2014, at age eighty-nine, is best known for paintings and sculptures that redo the signature works of other artists, ranging from Marcel Duchamp to Felix Gonzalez-Torres. When she took up video in the new millennium, Sturtevant often repeated the juicy burgers and waving flags of commerci