Microsoft's $10 billion Pentagon contract win changes everything in the cloud wars with Amazon. Here's what you need to know. (MSFT, AMZN)

Last week, the Pentagon sent a shockwave through the cloud computing world with the surprise announcement that Microsoft had won the $10 billion Joint Defense Enterprise Infrastructure (JEDI) contract in a huge upset over Amazon Web Services. 
This came as a shock to basically everybody: Amazon Web Services was long the favorite to win, mainly for the very good reasons that it's bigger than everybody else, has a higher security clearance than anybody else, and already had a $600 million de